Climate Change, Cap-and-Trade, and the Outlook for U.S. Policy
Author(s): Brian C. Murray and Heather Hosterman
Published: March 2009
download: working paper (.pdf) >
Global atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases-carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbon gases (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)-have increase considerably in the last 150 years. CO2 concentrations have risen from pre-industrial levels of approximately 280 parts per million (ppm measured in CO2-equivalent or CO2e) to approximately 380 ppm in 2005. These levels far exceed 180 ppm to 300ppm, the natural range of CO2 over the last 650,000 years.




