Coastal marshes, also frequently called salt marshes, are partially flooded wetlands that are inundated by salt water brought in by the tides but can vary in salinity levels.

Coral reefs are the skeletons of marine invertebrates called coral, which form large underwater structures comprised of colonies.

Coastal dunes are large mounds of sand deposited on the landward side of a beach.

A floodplain is a low-lying area directly adjacent to a waterbody and partially or fully flooded during high-water events.

Forests provide food, fuel, oxygen, clean water, erosion control, and health benefits to people.

Grasslands, often called prairies in the United States, are habitats where the dominant vegetation type is grass.

An invasive or nuisance pest is synonymous with a species that causes harm to humans or the environment. This summary focuses specifically on invasive and nuisance insects and pathogens.

Mangrove ecosystems are a form of coastal wetlands found in tropical and subtropical regions. These systems support halophytic (salt-loving) trees, shrubs, and other plants, and are dominated by mangrove trees.

Peatlands are a type of inland wetland where waterlogged soils prevent plant material from fully decomposing. There are two types of peatlands: tropical peatlands, characterized by high precipitation and temperature, and northern peatlands, which are interspersed among boreal forests and coastal areas.

Riparian buffers are vegetated areas adjacent to an inland waterbody that are managed to protect the waterbody from the impacts of surrounding land uses.

A riverine system is a watershed-scale network of integrated aquatic habitats and hydrological processes.

Sagebrush habitats exist across the western United States in areas with hot, dry summers and cool, moist winters. They are dominated by big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) vegetation and perennial grasses.

Seagrasses are flowering plants that grow entirely underwater and form dense meadows in shallow areas. Seagrass restoration refers to any activities that help return seagrass ecosystems to as close as possible to their state before anthropogenic disturbances.

A stream, also known as a branch, creek, run, or brook, is a continuous surface flow of freshwater within a channel that is smaller than a river. Headwater streams can originate from groundwater (springs), runoff, or a wetland.

Forest thinning refers to removing trees in a forest stand to allow space for other trees and plants to grow.

Urban greening is a general term used to describe efforts to renature urban areas by installing various types of green infrastructure.

Strategies for urban stormwater and runoff management such as rain gardens, stormwater parks, permeable pavement, and bioswales are intended to reduce these issues by promoting water retention, infiltration, and evapotranspiration instead of runoff.