To expand the ocean economy to create jobs and economic growth while achieving global targets set for ocean health, ocean policy should account for the value of the services dependent on marine ecosystems.

Carbon pricing is a market-based method for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Governments implement carbon pricing in two main forms—a cap-and-trade system or a carbon tax or fee.

Given accelerating global climate change, understanding and enhancing the ways in which our social and ecological systems can withstand, respond to, and recover from changes and disruptions is critical.

The Climate Risk Disclosure Lab seeks to support those in government, the private sector, and civil society who are working to address climate change and the risks it poses to the global financial system, through effective implementation of climate risk disclosure rules.

The Ecosystem Services Program focuses on ensuring that the environment can sustain future generations by helping public and private decision makers value the benefits natural ecosystems provide.

Nationwide, several hundred species are being evaluated for listing under the Endangered Species Act. Research at the Nicholas Institute is exploring whether effective pre-compliance could be the key to recovery for a number of species while demonstrating the promise of multi-species management.

With nearly a third of humanity lacking reliable electricity and 3 billion people without clean fuels and technologies for cooking, energy access represents one of the greatest challenges of our time.

The purpose of energy efficiency is to reduce the amount of energy required to maintain or improve functionality and comfort while lowering customer cost.

Energy insecurity is understood as the impacts stemming from the inability to pay one's energy bills. Families impacted by this prevalent issue are often forced to make choices between keeping the lights on or spending their money on other essential expenses.

One of the primary objectives of the Nicholas Institute is the collection of robust and accurate data, and the scientific analysis of that data.

There is a great need to consider the effects of environmental inequality—not everyone is equally protected from health and environmental hazards regardless of race, gender, income, or national origin.

Environmental markets are focused on a broad range of challenges—from reducing greenhouse gas emissions to providing incentives for the restoration and protection of forests to improving water quality.

To sustainably feed 9.6 billion people, overfished stocks must be rebuilt, and the production and environmental performance of aquaculture must be increased.

The U.S. electricity sector is undergoing rapid change wrought by low natural gas prices, falling costs for renewables, and evolving environmental standards.

When managed sustainably, natural and working lands—including farms, forests, and wetlands—can store carbon, enhance community and ecosystem resilience, and provide many other social, economic, and environmental benefits.

The Nicholas Institute is working with partner organizations to tackle the challenge of oceanic plastic pollution and find ways to solve one of the biggest environmental concerns of the day.

The current fragile state of ocean health is a bellwether for the earth’s changing climate. The Ocean and Coastal Policy Program draws on Duke’s expertise to support policies promoting a healthy ocean for shared prosperity.

Encroachment of oil and gas development into human and ecological habitats requires community engagement and meaningful discussions about the protection of important natural and cultural resources.

Sustainable agriculture and forest management share a common goal—to balance the economic and cultural needs of humans with protecting the environment.

The last decade has seen a dramatic increase in investment in railways, roads, energy projects, and ports in the developing world, aiming to address a significant “infrastructure gap.”

More than two-thirds of electricity customers in the United States are served by competitive wholesale electricity markets known as Regional Transmission Organizations.

The Nicholas Institute for Energy, Environment & Sustainability’s Water Policy Program is an interdisciplinary effort focused on utilizing data to inform effective policy changes in how water is understood and managed.