Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions

Nature-Based Solutions Case Study Search

This database contains over 400 implementations of nature-based solutions. Use the filters to identify the case studies most relevant to you.

While all cases here exemplify applications of NBS strategies, they were gathered from various sources and not all were written using the framing of nature-based solutions. To qualify as a nature-based solution, a project must provide benefits to both people and nature. In some instances, the human benefits are present but not emphasized in the case write ups; these cases were included because they still provide useful information to learn from.

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The Dutch Slough project is a large-scale tidal marsh restoration, habitat enhancement and open space preservation project in the rapidly urbanizing area of eastern Contra Costa County. The 1,166-acre site was purchased in 2003, and adaptive management interventions were planned as experiments to study how the ecosystem functions and how best to achieve the restoration objectives.

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The Duwamish Estuary in Seattle, Washington has been subject to heavy industrial development and pronounced anthropogenic disturbances associated with the Port of Seattle and other commercial facilities along its waters. This project sought to restore intertidal wetlands at three sites in the estuary, and to thereby enhance public access to the river and create vital habitat for several important species.

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Terminal 117, a former industrial and superfund site along the Duwamish River, was transformed into the Duwamish River People’s Park and Shoreline Habitat. This project cleaned up a contaminated site, restored natural and stable shoreline habitat, and created river access in a historically marginalized neighborhood. 

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This project will restore dunes on Duxbury Beach to prevent erosion and enhance the beach’s ability to protect communities behind it from storm surges and sea-level rise. 76,633 tons of sand were used to restore the dunes. The dunes were raised to 17ft high, and the tops of the dunes were raised to over 45 feet.  

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Encompassing 100 acres of tallgrass prairie converted into agricultural land and 60 acres of woodland along a creek, Homestead National Historical Park underwent restoration by the National Park Service in 1939 to address severe erosion and improve water quality and soil productivity to support native plants and wildlife.

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The use of organic amendments such as compost is a potential tool for grassland restoration. Compost additions can promote soil water retention and plant productivity, and reduce erosion. Cost is a major barrier to this technique. This study worked to understand and quantify the ecological benefits of compost addition, in the hopes of promoting its economic viability as a restoration method. 

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The Heritage Reach is a portion of the Santa Cruz River that runs through a highly urbanized portion of Tuscon, Arizona. This area used to support a variety of wildlife but has severely degraded from urban development. In 2019, Tuscon Water began releasing treated effluent into the Reach to restore river flows. 

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In response to the floods following tropical storm Irene, and the potential for a significant increase in the Japanese knotweed popuation, the state of Vermont hired a coordinator to develop and carry out an early detection & rapid response (EDRR) work plan to eliminate as many of these new plants as possible, using only manual labor.

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In 1992, Congress passed the Elwha River Ecosystem and Fisheries Restoration Act, authorizing the removal of dams to restore the Elwha River's altered ecosystem. The Elwha Dam and Glines Canyon Dam were removed in 2011, allowing water to flow freely from the Olympic Mountains to the Strait of Juan de Fuca.

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The Nature Conservancy aimed to restore 7,100 acres of farmland in Emiquon into a functional floodplain that sustains native species. In 2007, 180,000 trees, 8,000 pounds of seed, and 90,000 upland shrubs and trees have been planted in 1,400 acres of Emiquon. Non-native fish have been removed and native fish have been introduced into these new waters.

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The Nature Conservancy led the project to restore 7,100 acres of farmland to functional flood plain and return its ability to sustain native plant and wildlife species. In 2007, 180,000 trees, 8,000 pounds of seed, and 90,000 upland shrubs and trees have been planted in 1,400 acres of Emiquon.

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This project is a large-scale, multi-agency Effort to eradicate the infestations of the invasive strain of the tropical marine alga, Caulerpa taxifolia from two sites in California. At the time when no technique had been demonstrated effective to treat the infestations, the team chose to apply chlorine bleach treatment.

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The north branch of the Chicago River that runs through Eugene Field Park has been channelized and relocated, and had its riverbed paved with concrete. This led to increased flooding, marsh habitat loss, and vegetation loss. This project restored the wetlands and planted native vegetation. 

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Clear Lake City, TX has a history of intense flooding from hurricanes and other storm events. Exploration Green is a project to transform a former 200-acre golf course into a public park and flood-control area. The park will have 5 detention basins to store floodwater during storm events. 

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Havasu National Wildlife Refuge is threatened by a large population of invasive Feral Swine (Sus scrofa). Feral Swine negatively impact native vegetation and wildlife, cause damage to human property and infrastructure, and are a public health and safety threat. In 2016, refuge staff and many collaborators began to work towards Feral Swine eradication within the refuge.  

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The BLM led the restoration of sagebrush steppe and riparian plant communities on 75,000 acres of Eastern Oregon rangeland. Treatment focuses on removing western juniper, a desert conifer species that is spreading across the landscape and outcompeting other desert plants. Restoration efforts used a sequential, three-step approach: juniper cutting, controlled burns, and in some cases, aerial reseeding.

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Following a devastating 2010 wildfire and post-fire flood outside of Flagstaff, city residents approved a $10 million bond to support forest restoration work to reduce the risk of wildfire and post-fire flooding. This bond created the Flagstaff Watershed Protection Project (FWPP), which implements restoration projects like thinning and fuel reduction.  

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The Yakima River Basin in Washington State was once home to thriving salmonid populations, that are important cultural and economic species to Tribal Nations in the basin. Salmonid populations have declined due to habitat degradation and fish passage barriers. To address these issues, the Bureau of Reclamation created the Schaake Habitat Improvement Project. 

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This project planted approximately 474,634 native plants seaward of existing dunes along Pensacola Beach on Santa Rosa Island, Florida. Plantings were 76% sea oats, 19% panic grass, and 5% other native species. These plants were chosen to maximize sand stabilization and limit wind erosion of the dunes.

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This project installed a living shoreline off the coast of Eastpoint, Florida to reduce shoreline erosion and provide habitat. This living shoreline used natural and/or artificial breakwater materials to reduce wave energy, create salt marsh habitat, and increase benthic productivity. This project created over 1 acre of new salt marsh habitat. 

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